Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure. These findings are conducive to interpreting rock instability due to fluid pressurization and developing a more robust FOS estimation method. Amongst N2O,SO2,I2+ and I2, the linear species are : Medium. Moreover, the upper bound of the FOS with a non-linear fluid pressure gradient depends on the initial FOS for a rock fracture without fluid pressurization. The results revealed that a considerable gradient and a pronounced non-linearity of fluid pressure are likely to cause premature failure of a rock fracture. We also conducted a theoretical analysis to compare the FOS values for uniform, linear, and non-linear fluid pressure gradients. We compared the FOS derived from a nearly uniform fluid pressure gradient and that from a significantly non-linear fluid pressure gradient and found that the non-linear gradient of fluid pressure may amplify the FOS value. The molecules with linear geometry have bond angles of 180 degrees but here as the shape of the molecule is bent due to the lone pairs on the Sulphur atom, both Fluorine atoms are pushed downwards, deviating the bond angle of F-S-F from 180 to 98 degrees. We carried out laboratory experiment and numerical modeling to reproduce fluid pressure gradient on a smooth fracture in granite. Hence, SF2 is a bent-shaped molecule due to the presence of lone pairs on the Sulphur atom. Fluid pressure gradient is of great concern in the estimation of the FOS. To reasonably estimate the factor of safety (FOS) for rock stability, it is critical to address uncertainties involved in the estimation. Inappropriate assessment of rock stability may result in anthropogenic geohazards during underground space development and energy extraction.
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